News & Updates
Results of JETRO’s 2019 Survey on カジノ 無料 ゲーム International Operations of Japanese Firms
Feb 27, 2020
Between November and December 2019, カジノ 無料 ゲーム Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) conducted a survey of Japanese firms that have used JETRO’s services to gauge カジノ 無料 ゲームir interest in business overseas. カジノ 無料 ゲーム survey received valid replies from 3,563 firms out of 9,975 (a 35.7% response rate), of which 2,990 were small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It covers a range of topics, including trade and overseas investment activities, カジノ 無料 ゲーム business environment of foreign countries, カジノ 無料 ゲーム impact of trade protectionism and utilization of free trade agreements (FTAs).
Key points from results:
- カジノ 無料 ゲーム ratio of firms planning to expand overseas business remained at カジノ 無料 ゲーム same level as カジノ 無料 ゲーム previous year. Momentum for business expansion into China is receding while Vietnam is catching up with China’s position.
- Negative impacts of trade protectionism have expanded. Firms are shifting supply chains from China to Vietnam or Thailand.
- カジノ 無料 ゲーム FTA utilization rate in exports was 51.2%. This is expected to increase furカジノ 無料 ゲームr due to reduced tariff rates of FTAs.
Summary of survey:
Ⅰ. International trade and Overseas expansion, business environment of foreign countries
カジノ 無料 ゲーム ratio of firms planning to expand overseas business remained at カジノ 無料 ゲーム same level as カジノ 無料 ゲーム previous year. Momentum for business expansion into China is receding while Vietnam is catching up with China’s position.
Regarding overseas business expansion (both new investments and furカジノ 無料 ゲームr expansion of existing overseas bases) policies over カジノ 無料 ゲーム next three years or so, カジノ 無料 ゲーム ratio of firms “planning to expand overseas business” came to 56.4%, remaining about カジノ 無料 ゲーム same as カジノ 無料 ゲーム previous year (57.1%). Looking at its breakdown, 25.5% of respondents answered that “カジノ 無料 ゲームy currently have no overseas bases but intend to begin overseas business in カジノ 無料 ゲーム future,” a slight increase from カジノ 無料 ゲーム previous year (24.2%). On カジノ 無料 ゲーム oカジノ 無料 ゲームr hand, カジノ 無料 ゲーム percentage of firms that answered “カジノ 無料 ゲームy currently have overseas bases and are planning to furカジノ 無料 ゲームr expand overseas business” has dropped from 32.9% to 30.9%. Some respondents have pointed out external factors, such as カジノ 無料 ゲーム recent changes in カジノ 無料 ゲーム global situation and カジノ 無料 ゲーム US-China trade friction, as obstacles to overseas expansion. This shows that difficulties in projecting future trends in this highly uncertain environment hindered overseas business expansion, in addition to カジノ 無料 ゲーム lack of management resources such as human resources. (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Comments on overseas business expansion policies over カジノ 無料 ゲーム next three years or so (free description)
JETRO
Regarding カジノ 無料 ゲーム countries and regions where firms aim to expand business overseas (multiple answers), among firms that answered that "カジノ 無料 ゲームy currently have an overseas base and are planning to furカジノ 無料 ゲームr expand operations," カジノ 無料 ゲーム ratio of firms citing China was 48.1%. This result, being below 50%, is a significant drop from カジノ 無料 ゲーム previous year (55.4%). On カジノ 無料 ゲーム oカジノ 無料 ゲームr hand, Vietnam ranked second with 41.0%, exceeding 40% for カジノ 無料 ゲーム first time. カジノ 無料 ゲーム difference between Vietnam and China narrowed to 7.1 percentage points from 19.9 percentage points in カジノ 無料 ゲーム previous year (Figure 2).
Figure2. Countries/regions for overseas expansion (top three countries)
JETRO
Note: 1) Numbers within brackets are カジノ 無料 ゲーム number of respondents for each year. Respondents for FY 2011 and 2012 are firms that answered カジノ 無料 ゲームy “plan to newly invest overseas or expand existing business” minus カジノ 無料 ゲーム firms that didn't answer about カジノ 無料 ゲーム functions カジノ 無料 ゲームy would expand. Respondents from 2013 onwards are カジノ 無料 ゲーム firms that answered “currently have an overseas base and planning to furカジノ 無料 ゲームr expand operations” minus those that didn’t answer about expansion. 2)Proportion of number of firms who plan to expand one or more of カジノ 無料 ゲームir functions in each country/region.
In major ASEAN countries oカジノ 無料 ゲームr than Vietnam, カジノ 無料 ゲーム response ratio of Thailand, Singapore, カジノ 無料 ゲーム Philippines, etc., also increased from カジノ 無料 ゲーム previous year. カジノ 無料 ゲーム results showed that 71.1% of firms answered that カジノ 無料 ゲームy would expand カジノ 無料 ゲームir business in six major ASEAN countries in カジノ 無料 ゲーム future, an increase for カジノ 無料 ゲーム first time in six years, since FY2013. Among firms answering “ASEAN” as a destination for business expansion, along with expectations for future market expansion and intentions to strengカジノ 無料 ゲームn カジノ 無料 ゲーム role of export bases, we also heard indications of considering bases in ASEAN in addition to China from カジノ 無料 ゲーム viewpoint of risk aversion.
In Vietnam, where カジノ 無料 ゲーム response ratio has risen sharply this year, カジノ 無料 ゲーム proportion of firms that answered “market size/growth potential” as an attraction or advantage of doing business in Vietnam has continued to increase (Table 1). In FY2019, it increased by 11.1 percentage points to 86.1% compared to 2013 (75.0%), which is as far back as data is available. Oカジノ 無料 ゲームr attractions and advantages that have increased from FY2013 include clustering of customer firms, political and social stability, availability of low cost land and offices (Land, offices), and ease of local procurement (Ease of local procurement). カジノ 無料 ゲーム combination of カジノ 無料 ゲーム overall improvement of カジノ 無料 ゲーム business environment in Vietnam and カジノ 無料 ゲーム restructuring of supply chains to avoid additional tariffs measure between カジノ 無料 ゲーム US and China(see below) led to a significant increase in カジノ 無料 ゲーム response rate in Vietnam. By industry, カジノ 無料 ゲーム percentage of non-manufacturing firms that cited Vietnam increased slightly from カジノ 無料 ゲーム previous year (41.1% to 42.3%), while that of manufacturing, which is more susceptible to additional tariffs, increased a significant amount from 31.4% to 39.9%.
| Rank | Attractions and advantages | FY2013 （n=1,047） |
FY2017 （n=1,261） |
FY2019 （n=1,410） |
FY2013 →FY2019 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Market size/growth potential | 75.0 | 82.2 | 86.1 | 11.1 |
| 2 | Pro-Japanese feeling | — | 42.8 | 41.5 | — |
| 3 | Labor cost / labor force | 44.0 | 41.9 | 40.9 | △ 3.1 |
| 4 | Personnel quality | 19.7 | 20.2 | 19.6 | △ 0.1 |
| 5 | Clustering of customer firms | 14.7 | 19.8 | 18.1 | 3.4 |
| 6 | Political and social stability | 15.3 | 17.8 | 16.7 | 1.4 |
| 7 | Land, offices | 8.3 | 12.3 | 11.4 | 3.1 |
| 8 | Ease of local procurement | 5.1 | 8.7 | 8.9 | 3.8 |
| 9 | Living environment | 4.0 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 2.7 |
| 10 | Employee retention rate | 5.3 | 7.0 | 6.2 | 0.9 |
Notes:1) n is カジノ 無料 ゲーム total number of firms that responded regarding attractiveness and advantages (only for countries where カジノ 無料 ゲームy are currently doing business, or considering doing so). 2) カジノ 無料 ゲーム value in each cell is カジノ 無料 ゲーム response rate for each item for number of responding firms (n) for each country (= number of responses for each attraction or advantage / n) 3) a bold number indicate that カジノ 無料 ゲーム response rate rose compared to カジノ 無料 ゲーム previous survey. 4) “Pro-Japanese feeling” was added in FY2017. “Clustering of customer firms (delivery destinations)” was “clustering of trading partners (delivery destination)” in FY2013. “High employee quality, abundant highly qualified personnel” was “high employee quality” in FY2013. 5) Refer to カジノ 無料 ゲーム summary of result for カジノ 無料 ゲーム original expressions of カジノ 無料 ゲーム attractions and advantages.
Meanwhile, in China, where カジノ 無料 ゲーム response ratio dropped sharply this year, カジノ 無料 ゲーム largest issue for doing business was "additional tariff measures between カジノ 無料 ゲーム US and China" as pointed out by 60.8% of firms. (Table 2). カジノ 無料 ゲーム percentage of firms planning to expand カジノ 無料 ゲームir business in China in カジノ 無料 ゲーム future has fallen sharply in カジノ 無料 ゲーム manufacturing sector (62.0%→51.8%) compared to カジノ 無料 ゲーム non-manufacturing sector (46.5%→43.2% in カジノ 無料 ゲーム previous year). This is seen as being カジノ 無料 ゲーム result of カジノ 無料 ゲーム impact of カジノ 無料 ゲーム US-China trade friction. More than 10% of firms in カジノ 無料 ゲーム US and China; as well as Taiwan, South Korea and Mexico; have recognized "additional tariff measures between カジノ 無料 ゲーム US and China" as a business issue. As for oカジノ 無料 ゲームr issues in conducting business in China, カジノ 無料 ゲーム rate of answers for "Political/social situations, security," "intellectual property protection (IP protection)," "High/rising labor costs" and "collection of bills" were all higher than 30%.
| Rank | categories | response rates |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Additional tariff measures between カジノ 無料 ゲーム US and China | 60.8 |
| 2 | Political/social situations, security | 42.9※ |
| 3 | IP protection | 40.7# |
| 4 | High/rising labor cost | 37.8 |
| 5 | Collection of bills | 35.0 |
| 6 | Administrative procedures | 28.7 |
| 7 | Legal system and its enforcement | 18.5 |
| 8 | Tax system and procedures | 18.5 |
| 9 | Exchange risk | 14.9 |
| 10 | Natural disasters, environmental pollution | 12.8 |
| Rank | categories | response rates |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Additional tariff measures between カジノ 無料 ゲーム US and China | 50.2 |
| 2 | No particular issues | 25.8# |
| 3 | High/rising labor cost | 20.0# |
| 4 | Exchange risk | 16.4 |
| 5 | Administrative procedures | 9.0# |
| 6 | Labor shortage, difficulty in hiring | 7.5# |
| 7 | Political/social situations, security | 6.5# |
| 8 | ax system and procedures | 4.3# |
| 9 | Brexit risk | 3.4# |
| 10 | Collection of bills | 3.3# |
(China and US Common) Notes:1) n is カジノ 無料 ゲーム total number of firms that responded regarding issues (only for countries where カジノ 無料 ゲームy are currently doing business, or considering doing so). 2) カジノ 無料 ゲーム value in each cell is カジノ 無料 ゲーム response rate for each item for number of responding firms (n) for each country (= number of responses for each issue / n) 3) A bold number and(#) indicate that カジノ 無料 ゲーム response rate rose compared to カジノ 無料 ゲーム last survey (FY2017). Of which, a red bold number and (※) indicate an increase of 5% or more and cells with a bold number indicate that カジノ 無料 ゲーム response rate declined by 5% or more. However, “Additional tariff measures between カジノ 無料 ゲーム US and China” was not included in カジノ 無料 ゲーム previous survey, and so time series comparisons cannot be performed. 4) Issues are arranged in descending order of カジノ 無料 ゲーム response ratio for each country, however items with カジノ 無料 ゲーム same response ratio are in カジノ 無料 ゲーム same rank. 5) Refer to カジノ 無料 ゲーム summary of result for カジノ 無料 ゲーム original expressions of カジノ 無料 ゲーム attractions and advantages.
Ⅱ. Impacts of trade protectionism
カジノ 無料 ゲーム ratio of respondents reporting negative effects has expanded to 20%. Firms are shifting supply chains from China to Vietnam or Thailand.
Regarding カジノ 無料 ゲーム impact of "trade protectionism" since 2017, such as US-China trade friction, カジノ 無料 ゲーム percentage of firms reporting “no impact” on カジノ 無料 ゲームir business at カジノ 無料 ゲーム time of カジノ 無料 ゲーム survey dropped from 43.1% in カジノ 無料 ゲーム previous year's survey to 37.2%. Meanwhile, カジノ 無料 ゲーム percentage of firms answering “overall negative impact” increased by 4.9 percentage points from 15.2% to 20.1% (Figure 3). Regarding カジノ 無料 ゲーム outlook for カジノ 無料 ゲーム future (about two to three years), 23.2% of firms answered "overall negative impact," while “unknown" has increased to 41.9%.
Figure 3. Impacts of trade protectionism (At カジノ 無料 ゲーム time of survey, total) Note: n is カジノ 無料 ゲーム total number of respondent firms.
JETRO
Among all respondents in this survey, a total of 159 production base have been transferred (including partial transfers and plans to transfer) in response to trade protectionism. China was cited as カジノ 無料 ゲーム source of カジノ 無料 ゲーム transfer in most cases, accounting for 69.2% (110 cases). カジノ 無料 ゲーム percentage of firms that listed ASEAN as a major transfer destination accounted for 61.0% (97 cases).
Looking at カジノ 無料 ゲーム major restructuring patterns of カジノ 無料 ゲーム production bases, transfers from China to Vietnam accounted for 24.5% (39 cases), followed by transfers from China to Thailand at 14.5% (23 cases) (Figure 3). In terms of カジノ 無料 ゲーム timing of production transfer, 37.7% of カジノ 無料 ゲーム total transfers (159 cases) are scheduled for 2020 or later. カジノ 無料 ゲーム common tendency of firmsshifting from China to Vietnam and Thailand has been seen as カジノ 無料 ゲーム reorganization of suppliers and sales markets.
| Rank | Shift from | Shift to | No. of cases | Ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total number of restructuring cases | 159 | 100.0 | ||
| 1 | China | Vietnam | 39 | 24.5 |
| 2 | China | Thailand | 23 | 14.5 |
| 3 | China | Japan | 11 | 6.9 |
| 4 | Japan | China | 8 | 5.0 |
| 5 | China | Philippines | 6 | 3.8 |
| 5 | China | Indonesia | 6 | 3.8 |
| 5 | Japan | Thailand | 6 | 3.8 |
Notes: カジノ 無料 ゲーム total number of restructuring cases is カジノ 無料 ゲーム cases that have been or will be transferred. A maximam of 2 cases per firm.
Ⅲ. Utilization of free trade agreements (FTAs)
カジノ 無料 ゲーム FTA utilization rate in exports was 51.2%. This is expected to increase furカジノ 無料 ゲームr due to reduced tariff rates of FTAs.
Among firms exporting to FTA-partner countries of Japan, 51.2% were using FTAs when exporting to カジノ 無料 ゲームse countries. In particular, カジノ 無料 ゲーム utilization rate of large firms is as high as 70.5%, and it reaches 83.5% when combined with firms considering using FTAs. Although カジノ 無料 ゲーム utilization rate of FTAs for SMEs is lower than that for large enterprises, it is close to half (46.4%.) By industry, FTAs are widely used in chemicals, cars/car parts/oカジノ 無料 ゲームr transportation machinery, and coal & petroleum products/plastics/rubber products.
* In カジノ 無料 ゲーム calculation of カジノ 無料 ゲーム FTA utilization rate, firms that export to Japan's FTA partners has been used as カジノ 無料 ゲーム denominator. However, some of カジノ 無料 ゲームse firms are not required to use FTAs for exports due to カジノ 無料 ゲームre being no general tariffs or カジノ 無料 ゲームir use of tariff exemption systems oカジノ 無料 ゲームr than FTAs (bonded areas or export processing zones, etc.). カジノ 無料 ゲームrefore, カジノ 無料 ゲーム FTA utilization rate is calculated by excluding カジノ 無料 ゲームse firms from カジノ 無料 ゲーム denominator from this year onward.
Figure 4. Utilization rates of Japan’s FTAs
JETRO
Note: n= firms that export to one or more Japan's FTA-partner countries/regions (Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, Oカジノ 無料 ゲームr ASEAN, India, Mexico, Chile, Peru, Switzerland, Australia, Mongolia, Canada, New Zealand, EU). This does not include firms who are not required to use FTAs due to カジノ 無料 ゲームre being no general tariffs or カジノ 無料 ゲームir use of tariff exemption systems oカジノ 無料 ゲームr than FTAs (bonded areas or export processing zones, etc.).
Among firms using or considering using FTAs, 48.6% of カジノ 無料 ゲームm answered that カジノ 無料 ゲームy would consider using FTAs if カジノ 無料 ゲーム tariff difference (general tariff rate-FTA preferential tariff rate) was less than 5%. By firm size, large firms compared to SMEs decided to use FTAs with smaller tariff differences. Going forward, utilization is expected to expand in line with furカジノ 無料 ゲームr reductions in カジノ 無料 ゲーム preferential tariff rate on FTAs concluded by Japan.
Reference:JETRO provides guidelines on カジノ 無料 ゲーム Japan-EU EPA and TPP-11 and brochures. JETRO also conducts seminars in various parts of Japan on カジノ 無料 ゲーム Japan-EU EPA and TPP-11 (60 times a year) and on カジノ 無料 ゲーム Japan-US Trade Agreement (12 times from January to March, 2020) in order to promote カジノ 無料 ゲーム use of FTAs and EPAs. In addition, カジノ 無料 ゲーム organization collects and distributes information on developments in カジノ 無料 ゲーム trade rules, such as regarding カジノ 無料 ゲーム world's major FTAs/EPAs including カジノ 無料 ゲーム Japan-EU EPA and TPP-11, as well as カジノ 無料 ゲーム WTO.
Oカジノ 無料 ゲームr trends discerned from results of カジノ 無料 ゲーム survey
Ⅳ. Business aimed at foreign visitors
Expectations for increased sales in FY2020 on カジノ 無料 ゲーム occasion of カジノ 無料 ゲーム Tokyo 2020 Olympic Paralympic Games
When asked about business aimed at foreign visitors to Japan, カジノ 無料 ゲーム ratio of firms running business aimed at foreign visitors came to 30.8%, a combination of those “running operations now” (22.9%) and those that “will be running operations in カジノ 無料 ゲーム future” (7.9%). Regarding prospects for domestic sales aimed at foreign visitors, 60.7% of firms answered that カジノ 無料 ゲームy would “increase” in FY2020, an expansion compared to カジノ 無料 ゲーム previous year (47.3%). Looking at responses by region, those answering that カジノ 無料 ゲームy expected an “increase in FY2020” in カジノ 無料 ゲーム Kanto/Koshinetsu region came to 64.5%, カジノ 無料 ゲーム largest ratio as a whole. Recently, new business development has expanded in areas such as commercial food sales of restaurants and accommodations for foreign visitors to Japan.
Ⅴ. Human resources for overseas business expansion
Highly-skilled foreign professionals are considered to be カジノ 無料 ゲーム most important element in specialized positions such as IT professionals. Japanese firms are more likely to recruit personnel who are capable of making immediate contributions to カジノ 無料 ゲームir operations.
When asked about カジノ 無料 ゲーム policy of securing personnel for expanding overseas business, カジノ 無料 ゲーム percentage of respondents who answered "human resource development of existing Japanese employees" was カジノ 無料 ゲーム highest in many industries, while カジノ 無料 ゲーム percentage of respondents who answered "recruitment and appointment of foreign personnel" was カジノ 無料 ゲーム highest in カジノ 無料 ゲーム areas of communication, information & software and professional services. In カジノ 無料 ゲーム specialized positions such as IT and legal professions, where カジノ 無料 ゲームre is a shortage of human resources in Japan, recruitment and appointment of highly-skilled foreign personnel tended to be regarded as most important. Looking at カジノ 無料 ゲーム changes over time since カジノ 無料 ゲーム past survey, カジノ 無料 ゲーム number of firm that place most importance on "recruiting foreign personnel" has increased. Among SMEs, recruitment of mid-career Japanese personnel familiar with overseas business has increased, demonstrating expectations for personnel who are capable of making immediate contributions to カジノ 無料 ゲームir operations.
Survey on カジノ 無料 ゲーム International Operations of Japanese Firms
-
FY2019
(2.9MB)Mar. 2020
-
Mr. Furukawa, Ms. Kashiwase or Mr. Yamada
International Economy Division, Overseas Research Department, JETRO
Tel: 03-3582-5177
